By Jesse Fister | Spirituality and Religion
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June 21, 2026
In the last article, I wrote about the risk people take when beginning to question their faith or spiritual practice. Of course there’s more to the story, including the fact that some religions teach that asking questions puts eternal life at risk. I will return to talk more about that sometime. Today, I’d like to talk about what happens when someone starts thinking deeply about life, the universe, and their place in it. Re-evaluating one’s beliefs from the ground up is a task worth undertaking at least once in a lifetime, despite the risk. Why? Because belief affects every aspect of life. Your sense of right and wrong, what you value or ignore, whom you marry, befriend, or reject. Worldview has enormous consequences. Why wouldn’t we want to assess ours critically to ensure it is not causing harm to ourselves and others? I would go as far as to say that we each have an ethical responsibility to ensure our views are not hurting anyone. In the early 1800s, prior to the end of the civil war, many religious people believed black people were inferior to white people. That belief caused extensive harm to others, often at the hands of the church, backed by scriptures such as Ephesians 6:5. Today, few Christians believe it is acceptable to own slaves. What other beliefs might be causing harm today? Furthermore, this is one of the best ways to begin to move from religious practice toward real spiritual experiences. The way up is sometimes down, because what limits us often comes from below. What does this mean? Imagine a tree growing inside a tin can. Try as we might, the tree will never reach its full potential, because the container it lives within is too small to support a healthy root structure, causing it to dwarf. The metaphor is this: sometimes, the best thing we can do to support spiritual growth is to ensure the wellbeing and expansion of the roots. Another analogy. Imagine I wanted to fly to Mars and set a course. A one-degree error in my calculations could result in being millions of miles off course (2.4 million, to be exact). Much easier to fix the error at the beginning of the trip than to try to correct your course later. Beginnings have exponential power in determining outcomes. Spiritual potential is not always addressed by forward motion. It is sometimes addressed by returning to the roots, going back to the basics, the foundations, the first principles. As Ender said in Ender’s Game: “the goal is down.” So, what comes first? This is the most important question when revisioning a worldview. It is also the thing most often stressed by fundamentalism. Fundamentalism establishes the what-comes-first clearly and returns to these foundations again and again. For evangelicals: Jesus was real, the Bible is true, and God is a triune being, among other principles. But how we get to those principles is even more interesting, and it takes us outside of theology proper and into pre-theological issues. This addresses how we take up or interpret theological teachings that are presented to us. It makes no sense to tell someone how to interpret a verse if they don’t believe it holds weight in the first place. The person who treats the Bible as the divinely inspired Word of God expects to find truth in it. The person who treats it as a cultural and historical artifact takes it as a cultural book with scattered wisdom, myth, and folklore among its pages. Jews accept the Torah (Old Testament) but not the apostles (New Testament). Furthermore, two people who take it as divine truth can nevertheless have very different interpretations of its meaning. Therefore, how we approach the Bible is not strictly theological. It is epistemological, meaning that it concerns how we come to know about things. Epistemology precedes theology because it concerns how we know what we know. The idea that “the Bible is true because it says so” is called a tautological error. A dog biting its own tail. Things are not true simply because they claim to be. Otherwise, the Quran would be equally true. Epistemology is about our approach to knowledge. It’s powerful, and like the Mars analogy, can send us in cosmically different directions. If the Bible is true, then… and If the Bible is not true, then… These propositions send us to different worlds entirely. They are not themselves theological. They are pre-theological in that they establish the foundations from which all later truth may follow. In fact, they establish whether theology matters at all. The only thing deeper than epistemology is ontology, the question of what things are. I will leave that for another day. For now, let us focus on how we understand things. It is an interesting question how we come to either of the propositions above, and why we disagree about them. If the truth of the scriptures is self-evident, why doesn’t everyone believe in it? Aside from God’s providence in a Calvinist sense, what causes someone to believe or disbelieve in the scriptures? Is it an internal feeling? A logical conclusion? A moment of inspiration? Family or cultural influences? It is not at all clear what brings people to ‘the truth,’ which is why evangelicals sometimes argue over who is really saved and who isn’t. Is confessing enough, or does it need to involve a change of heart, a physical posture, a well-thought-out decision, or words uttered in a moment of panic and desperation? Epistemology forces us to answer the question: how do we know what we know? In revisioning a worldview, the first question is how we come to our understanding, and what faculty of human awareness is responsible for it. The mind, the heart, the gut, the body, or an ambiguous soul which simply ‘knows.’ And what helps us discern between these different forms of knowledge? Christians often denounce academic understanding in favor of emotional experience. Yogis emphasize embodied understanding. Taoists emphasize harmonious action with nature and events. In each case, a particular kind of understanding, knowing, or being is emphasized. What leads us to decide that one form of comprehension is superior to another? What kind of method can we use to ensure we obtain ‘truth,’ and what is truth anyway (an ontological question)? We will touch on what truth is later. It is enough for now to begin thinking about how we come to truth and why we believe that our way is the best or only way of doing so. More importantly, how rigidly do we hold onto our approach as the right and only way, and how might that limit us from having new and deeper spiritual experiences? How might we miss God if we only find Him in the pages of scripture? What might an evangelical learn from a Yogi about embodied spiritual practice, or a Stoic from Protestant suffering? We tend to believe that our views are correct. But how do we know that? What makes our views of reality superior to others? More importantly, where do we start this process? I’ll take this up in the next article. If you are working through a faith transition and looking for depth-oriented psychotherapy that takes the experience seriously, I see clients in Colorado and, through PSYPACT, in many other states. Free consultation at riverbedpsychology.com. Disclaimer This article offers personal and philosophical reflections on faith transitions and is not a substitute for professional mental health care. If you are in crisis, contact the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline. Professional Disclosure Jesse Fister, Ph.D., Colorado and Montana Licensed Psychologist. Licensed in multiple states through PSYPACT: https://psypact.gov/page/psypactmap References The Bible. (Ephesians 6:5). Card, O. S. (1985). Ender’s Game. Tor Books. Plantinga, A. (2000). Warranted Christian Belief. Oxford University Press. Polanyi, M. (1958). Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. University of Chicago Press. Tillich, P. (1957). Dynamics of Faith. Harper & Row. Search Optimization Hashtags #ReligiousTrauma #FaithTransitions #Deconstruction #Epistemology #Worldview #DepthPsychology #PhilosophyOfReligion #ExEvangelical #ExMormon #ExFundamentalist